{"id":3618,"date":"2020-04-10T08:34:45","date_gmt":"2020-04-10T08:34:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muzeulgolesti.ro\/?p=3618"},"modified":"2020-06-12T09:39:22","modified_gmt":"2020-06-12T09:39:22","slug":"incredibilul-carol-davila-partea-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muzeulgolesti.ro\/en\/blog\/incredibilul-carol-davila-partea-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Incredibilul Carol Davila \u2013 partea I"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201eDomni\u0219oara francez\u0103\u201d care a schimbat Rom\u00e2nia<\/h2>\n
\n

\u201eLa fel de activi \u015fi omniprezen\u0163i ca boala \u00eens\u0103\u015fi sunt numai medicii. Dac\u0103 to\u0163i b\u0103rba\u0163ii secolului 19 par a avea mai multe perechi de m\u00e2ini, medicii \u2014 pu\u0163ini la num\u0103r \u2014 fac, fiecare, c\u00e2t mai mul\u0163i b\u0103rba\u0163i cu mai multe perechi de m\u00e2ini la un loc. Consult\u0103 acas\u0103 sau la spital, opereaz\u0103, scriu re\u0163ete, urm\u0103resc evolu\u0163ia bolii, se lupt\u0103 cu prejudec\u0103\u0163ile \u015fi ignoran\u0163a bolnavului, fac inspec\u0163ii sanitare \u00een \u015fcoli, verific\u0103 m\u00e2ncarea, apa, vinul (\u201epoli\u0163ia sanitar\u0103 a alimentelor \u015fi beuturilor”), iau m\u0103suri de igien\u0103 \u00een ora\u015fe, scriu c\u0103r\u0163i \u015fi bro\u015furi de specialitate, dau examene, \u0163in cursuri, se deplaseaz\u0103 \u00een locurile unde izbucnesc epidemii, fac lucr\u0103ri medico-legale, vaccineaz\u0103, \u0163in statistici \u015fi sunt prezen\u0163i pe front, ajut\u00e2nd r\u0103ni\u0163ii, oper\u00e2nd, salv\u00e2nd vie\u0163i.<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 to\u0163i b\u0103rba\u0163ii secolului 19 par a avea mai multe perechi de m\u00e2ini, iar doctorii sunt, fiecare, mai mul\u0163i b\u0103rba\u0163i cu mai multe perechi de m\u00e2ini la un loc, Carol Davila face el singur c\u00e2t mai mul\u0163i doctori laolalt\u0103. Povestea lui se \u00eenscrie \u00een tipare de roman sentimental: copilul cu\u00a0pater incertus<\/em>, care pleac\u0103 \u00een lume (avea de ales \u00eentre Persia \u015fi Valahia) \u015fi devine renumit. \u00cen cazul lui chiar \u015fi mama e \u201eneatestat\u0103”, c\u0103ci din toate biografiile ap\u0103rute dup\u0103 moartea contesei d’Agoult, Davila lipse\u015fte, iar unele scrisori ar putea l\u0103sa loc la discu\u0163ii, dac\u0103 nu e cumva doar mam\u0103 spiritual\u0103, adic\u0103 na\u015f\u0103. T\u00e2n\u0103rul ajunge \u00een \u0163ar\u0103 \u00eentr-o zi de 13 a anului 1853 \u015fi are un inel-talisman, cu peruzea, care s\u0103-l apere de nenorociri \u00een aceast\u0103 zi. \u00cen 1874, duminic\u0103 13 ianuarie, la conferin\u0163a pe care o \u0163ine s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nal la spitalul Col\u0163ea, cu un public numeros, studen\u0163i, profesori, distinse doamne, de la Regina Elisabeta p\u00e2n\u0103 la so\u0163ia lui, Ana, doctorul \u00ee\u015fi uit\u0103 inelul acas\u0103. Ana propune s\u0103 se \u00eentoarc\u0103 s\u0103-l ia, dar conferen\u0163iarul nu vrea s\u0103-\u015fi lase publicul s\u0103 a\u015ftepte. La sf\u00e2r\u015fitul conferin\u0163ei, so\u0163ia lui, sim\u0163indu-se r\u0103u, cere pu\u0163in\u0103 chinin\u0103. Doctorul Bernath \u00eei d\u0103, din gre\u015feal\u0103, stricnin\u0103. R\u0103mas v\u0103duv, cu patru copii, Davila continu\u0103 s\u0103 munceasc\u0103 cu \u015fi mai mult\u0103 \u00eend\u00e2rjire, p\u00e2n\u0103 la moarte, adic\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 10 ani. Pentru medicina din Rom\u00e2nia ziua de 13 r\u0103m\u00e2ne una norocoas\u0103. Trecuser\u0103, la moartea Anei, 21 de ani din acel 13 martie 1853, c\u00e2nd Davila, t\u00e2n\u0103r de nici 25 de ani sosise la Giurgiu, dup\u0103 ce \u00ee\u015fi d\u0103duse doctoratul la Paris \u015fi dup\u0103 ce ajutase la stingerea epidemiei de holer\u0103 din 1849, \u00een Champign\u00e9 \u015fi Cherr\u00e9. Ar fi trebuit s\u0103 stea \u00een Valahia doar 3 ani. St\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u015fit: de zece ori mai mult dec\u00e2t era \u00een contract. Modeleaz\u0103 via\u0163a medical\u0103 sub patru domni, dintre care trei \u00eei devin prieteni.<\/p>\n

\u00cen Bucure\u015fti, la sosire, Vod\u0103 Barbu \u015etirbey e intrigat c\u0103 b\u0103iatul, pe care \u00eel crede firav \u015fi del\u0103s\u0103tor (\u201eCe crede Fran\u0163a c\u0103 va putea face aceast\u0103 domni\u015foar\u0103?”), n-a venit din prima zi la curte, s\u0103-\u015fi prezinte omagiile. Dup\u0103 trei zile t\u00e2n\u0103rul vine \u00eens\u0103 cu rezultatele unei prime inspec\u0163ii sanitare \u015fi cu proiecte de reform\u0103: folosise timpul ca s\u0103-\u015fi cunoasc\u0103 \u201edomeniul”. \u015etirbey, impresionat, \u00eei d\u0103 apoi tot concursul. La plecarea de la domnie, las\u0103 spre p\u0103strare, la Davila, \u201eun plic sigilat” \u015fi o caset\u0103 cu bijuterii. Le va recupera intacte la timpul potrivit. Al doilea domn pe care \u00eel c\u00e2\u015ftig\u0103 Davila de partea lui este Alexandru Ioan Cuza. Azilului s\u0103u de orfane, \u00eentemeiat la Bucure\u015fti, \u00eei d\u0103 numele Elena Doamna, dup\u0103 so\u0163ia lui Cuza. Din nou, rela\u0163iile familiei Davila cu familia Cuza r\u0103m\u00e2n bune \u015fi dup\u0103 abdicarea domnitorului, iar numele azilului se p\u0103streaz\u0103, de\u015fi o vreme pierde apelativul \u201eDoamna”. \u00een fine, al treilea domn este Carol, sub a c\u0103rui protec\u0163ie \u00ee\u015fi des\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fe\u015fte \u00een cea mai mare m\u0103sur\u0103 opera.<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 i-a avut pe domnitori de partea lui, a luptat \u00eens\u0103 cu toate celelalte tipuri de adversitate: colegial\u0103, istoric\u0103 \u015fi, nu \u00een ultimul r\u00e2nd, de destin. Colegii \u00eel invidiaz\u0103 \u015fi, spune dr. Zaharia Petrescu, fost elev al \u015ecolii de Medicin\u0103, \u00eei iart\u0103 cu greu \u201eextrema distinc\u0163ie, elegan\u0163a \u015fi naturalul manierelor, farmecul conversa\u0163iei, felul spiritual, vesel \u015fi plin de duh \u00een care istorisea, ca \u015fi bog\u0103\u0163ia instruc\u0163iei”. Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu, unul dintre adversarii din afara bran\u015fei, \u00eel acuz\u0103 c\u0103 aduce, pas\u0103mite, la examene, fete de la alte \u015fcoli la Azilul Elena Doamna \u015fi c\u0103 de aceea ob\u0163in elevele rezultate at\u00e2t de bune. Este atacat uneori \u00een ziare, totdeauna pentru culpe fantasmagorice. R\u0103spunsul lui: \u201eUit tot ce e r\u0103u pentru a nu-mi aminti dec\u00e2t binele”. \u00cen schimb, opinia public\u0103, m\u0103car o dat\u0103 dreapt\u0103, a fost \u00eentotdeauna de partea doctorului.<\/p>\n

Are, \u00eenc\u0103 de la sosire, mari probleme de s\u0103n\u0103tate \u015fi este impresionant s\u0103 vezi c\u0103 el, medicul, le scrie confra\u0163ilor din Fran\u0163a, descriindu-\u015fi cu sobrietate simptomele \u015fi sf\u0103tuindu-se asupra remediilor. Din cauza primei lui locuin\u0163e \u00eentunecoase \u015fi umede, de pe cheiul g\u00e2rlei, D\u00e2mbovi\u0163a, t\u00e2n\u0103rul face reumatism \u015fi, cu timpul, acesta duce la pareza unui bra\u0163 pe care-l va \u0163ine adesea \u00eendoit la spate, \u00een 1865, dup\u0103 ce inspecteaz\u0103 \u00eenchisoarea de la Telega \u015fi consult\u0103 deopotriv\u0103 solda\u0163i \u015fi pu\u015fc\u0103ria\u015fi, face tifos. \u00cei scrie lui Cuza: \u201eAm fost bolnav, dar gra\u0163ie constitu\u0163iei mele \u015fi bunelor \u00eengrijiri date de mai mul\u0163i confra\u0163i, am putut re\u00eencepe via\u0163a plin\u0103 de trude \u015fi de decep\u0163ii, care nu \u00eenceteaz\u0103 s\u0103 m\u0103 \u00eencerce, dar care nu m\u0103 vor opri \u00een calea mea\u201d. Are \u00eens\u0103 drept recompens\u0103 \u201erecuno\u015ftin\u0163a, amici\u0163ia sincer\u0103 a multora \u015fi sprijinul moral al oamenilor cinsti\u0163i”. \u00cen vara lui 1870, \u00een timpul r\u0103zboiului franco-prusac, Alecsandri \u00eel \u00eent\u00e2lne\u015fte din \u00eent\u00e2mplare \u00een Fran\u0163a \u015fi-i scrie Anei Davila: \u201eDoamna mea, Sunt fericit de a v\u0103 face cunoscut c\u0103 am \u00eent\u00e2lnit pe Dl. Davila, la poalele muntelui Cenis, \u00een partea Franciei. D-sa a plecat spre Paris, s\u0103n\u0103tos \u015fi vesel de fapta bun\u0103 ce are de g\u00e2nd a \u00eendeplini. Proiectul s\u0103u de a organiza o ambulan\u0163\u0103 cu concursul elevilor rom\u00e2ni din Paris \u015fi de a se consacra \u00een ajutorul nenorocitelor victime ale r\u0103zboiului actual este un proiect nobil \u015fi care onoreaz\u0103 pe b\u0103rbatul de inim\u0103 ce a decis s\u0103-l executeze.” \u00cen timpul R\u0103zboiului de Independen\u0163\u0103 din 1877 face un antrax infec\u0163ios \u00een regiunea cefii, care trebuie operat de urgen\u0163\u0103, are o furunculoz\u0103 general\u0103 \u015fi crize de sciatic\u0103 care-l fac s\u0103 umble \u00een baston. Dar datorit\u0103 lui, serviciul ambulan\u0163elor militare \u015fi al trenurilor sanitare este preg\u0103tit din timp \u015fi sute de vie\u0163i sunt salvate, iar 13 000 de bolnavi \u015fi r\u0103ni\u0163i primesc \u00eengrijire. Prime\u015fte decora\u0163ii \u015fi de la rom\u00e2ni \u015fi de la turci. Principele Carol \u00eei telegrafiaz\u0103 Elisabetei: \u201eDavila e pretutindeni unde ai nevoie de el”.<\/p>\n

Foto 1 (st\u00e2nga jos): Aspect din camera so\u021bilor Davila de la conacul Gole\u0219ti.<\/p>\n

Foto 2 (dreapta): generalul medic Carol Davila. Fotografie din 1882 aflat\u0103 \u00een colec\u021bia Muzeului Gole\u0219ti.<\/p>\n

Fragment din cartea doamnei Ioana P\u00e2rvulescu,\u00a0\u00cen intimitatea secolului 19<\/em>, Editura Humanitas, Bucure\u0219ti, 1995, p. 165-168<\/p>\n

Mul\u021bumim doamnei Ioana P\u00e2rvulescu \u0219i Editurii Humanitas pentru permisiunea de a reproduce aceste r\u00e2nduri minunate dedicate Gole\u0219tilor.<\/p>\n

Ioana P\u00e2rvulescu\u00a0(n.10 ianuarie 1960) – eseist\u0103, publicist\u0103, critic literar rom\u00e2n \u0219i profesor la Universitatea din Bucure\u0219ti.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>

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