{"id":4639,"date":"2022-12-27T08:56:03","date_gmt":"2022-12-27T08:56:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muzeulgolesti.ro\/ro\/?p=4639"},"modified":"2022-12-28T10:19:00","modified_gmt":"2022-12-28T10:19:00","slug":"incursiune-in-istoria-fotografiei-partea-a-ii-a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muzeulgolesti.ro\/ro\/blog\/incursiune-in-istoria-fotografiei-partea-a-ii-a\/","title":{"rendered":"Incursiune \u00een istoria fotografiei – partea a II-a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Carol Szathmari<\/h2>\n

La fotograf se mergea \u00een momentele importante ale vie\u0163ii: nunt\u0103, na\u015fterea unui copil, botezul acestuia, absolvirea \u015fcolii, avansarea \u00een grad sau decorarea militarilor – dar \u015fi \u00een urma diverselor evenimente mai ne\u00eensemnate precum achizi\u0163ionarea unei toalete noi, schimbarea modei coafurii \u015fi a b\u0103rbii sau participarea la un bal mascat. P\u00e2n\u0103 prin 1890, selec\u0163ia momentelor importante era mult mai riguroas\u0103, iar ritualul fotografierii, mult mai \u00eenc\u0103rcat de valoare afectiv\u0103. Dup\u0103 revolu\u0163ia tehnicii fotografice din anii 1890, c\u00e2nd aparatele de fotografiat au devenit mai u\u015for de procurat \u015fi de utilizat, fotografia a \u00eenceput s\u0103 surpind\u0103 diverse aspecte ale vie\u021bii familiale.<\/p>\n

Aceste \u201ebijuterii de carton\u201d erau p\u0103strate \u00een familie sau erau d\u0103ruite celor dragi pentru a fi a\u015fezate \u00een albume. De altfel, a devenit o mod\u0103, ca \u00een orice cas\u0103 s\u0103 existe pe masa din salon cel pu\u0163in un album \u00een care erau str\u00e2nse\/adunate fotografiile personalit\u0103\u0163ilor momentului, dar \u015fi a membrilor familiei. Se f\u0103cea schimb de fotografii \u00eentre rude \u015fi prieteni.<\/p>\n

Patrimoniul Muzeului Gole\u015fti cuprinde, printre alte colec\u0163ii, \u015fi un bogat material iconografic. Exist\u0103 patru albume de dimensiuni diferite, care con\u0163in o serie de fotografii ale membrilor familiei sau ale unor personaje r\u0103mase \u00een memoria colectiv\u0103. Se reg\u0103sesc aici fotografii ale \u201ecapetelor \u00eencoronate\u201d (Alexandru Ion Cuza, Doamna Elena Cuza, Principele Carol I, Principesa Elisabeta, Gheorghe Bibescu), ale oamenilor politici (I. C. Br\u0103tianu, C. A Rosetti, Lasc\u0103r Catargiu), scriitorilor (Vasile Alecsandri, Alexandru Odobescu), \u201edoamne\u201d \u015fi \u201edomni\u201d din societatea bucure\u015ftean\u0103, copii \u015fi nu \u00een ultimul r\u00e2nd ale celor din neamul Gole\u015ftilor.<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Carol Szathmari<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cendr\u0103zne\u0163, vis\u0103tor, r\u0103zvr\u0103tit fa\u0163\u0103 de academismul epocii, fotograf al spa\u0163iului urban, dar \u015fi al marilor c\u00e2mpuri de b\u0103t\u0103lie ale vremii, Carol Szathmari s-a n\u0103scut \u00een 1812 la Cluj, \u00eentr-o familie rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 maghiarizat\u0103. A studiat ini\u0163ial la o \u015fcoal\u0103 religioas\u0103 reformat\u0103. Despre tinere\u0163ea \u015fi epoca de formare se cunosc pu\u0163ine informa\u0163ii. Prima m\u0103rturie a voca\u0163iei sale de pictor este un caiet de desene din 1827 sau 1829, c\u00e2nd \u00eenc\u0103 mai era la \u015fcoal\u0103 la Cluj.<\/p>\n

\u00cen 1831, Szathmari a trecut mun\u0163ii \u00een \u0162ara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 \u2013 determinat, probabil, \u015fi de amorul s\u0103u pentru Mari\u0163ica V\u0103c\u0103rescu \u2013 \u015fi a desenat o acuarel\u0103 la Ruc\u0103r. Un an mai t\u00e2rziu, se afl\u0103 din nou la Cluj, iar \u00een 1834 realizeaz\u0103 o vedere a Cotrocenilor. \u00centre anii 1831-1843, a studiat pictura la Pesta \u015fi Viena unde a dob\u00e2ndit o bun\u0103 \u00eendem\u00e2nare \u00een practicarea acuarelei, ce va face din el un remarcabil reprezentant al genului. Re\u00eentors \u00een capitala \u0162\u0103rii Rom\u00e2ne\u015fti \u00een 1840, domnitorul Alexandru Ghica l-a numit Pictor al Cur\u0163ii. C\u00e2\u0163iva ani mai t\u00e2rziu, Szathmari a hot\u0103r\u00e2t s\u0103 se stabileasc\u0103 definitiv la Bucure\u015fti, unde a desf\u0103\u015furat o ampl\u0103 activitate artistic\u0103 r\u0103spl\u0103tit\u0103 cu numeroase medalii, diplome, premii \u015fi unde s-a bucurat de o binemeritat\u0103 recunoa\u015ftere.<\/p>\n

Ca fotograf, Szathmari \u015fi-a f\u0103cut sim\u0163it\u0103 prezen\u0163a \u00eenc\u0103 din 1843-1844, c\u00e2nd a \u00eenfiin\u0163at primul s\u0103u atelier fotografic, la \u201eChanu Verde\u201d. Dup\u0103 nimicitorul incendiu din 1847, Carol Szathmari a \u00eenchiriat, o pr\u0103v\u0103lie \u00een Hanul Bossel, aflat pe Calea Victoriei, \u00een care \u015fi-a aranjat un atelier, devenit \u00een scurt timp celebru. Acolo a utilizat vitrina ca mijloc publicitar. De asemenea \u015fi-a f\u0103cut reclam\u0103 \u00een pres\u0103 \u015fi tot \u00een pres\u0103 \u015fi-a anun\u0163at succesele ob\u0163inute. Mai mult, s-a f\u0103cut cunoscut \u015fi \u00een Europa. \u00cen noiembrie 1848, el a fost se pare, realizatorul primului calotip de la noi, procedeu inventat de W.H.F. Talbot. Acest calotip reprezint\u0103 o statuie a unui mic cupidon cu bra\u0163ele rupte. Pentru a face negativul mai transparent, a folosit cear\u0103 sau albu\u015f de ou.<\/p>\n

\u00cen istoriografia de specialitate interna\u0163ional\u0103, Szathmari este recunoscut ca primul fotograf de r\u0103zboi. Astfel, \u00een primele luni ale R\u0103zboiului Crimeii (\u00eencep\u00e2nd cu aprilie 1854), Szathmari a ajuns pe front, devans\u00e2ndu-l pe englezul Roger Fenton cu unsprezece luni. Szathmari a adus cu el aparatele \u015fi laboratorul fotografic \u015fi a f\u0103cut fotografii cu colodiu umed, noua metod\u0103 ap\u0103rut\u0103 \u00een epoc\u0103, un procedeu superior realiz\u0103rii calotipiei, despre care am precizat \u00een paginile anterioare. Distins cu numeroase medalii de aur \u015fi diplome de onoare de c\u0103tre suveranii Europei a fost premiat la mai toate expozi\u0163iile interna\u0163ionale ale vremii.<\/p>\n

\u00cen data de 16 octombrie 1863, Carol Szathmari a fost numit de c\u0103tre Alexandru Ioan Cuza fotograf oficial al Cur\u0163ii, calitate pe care o va p\u0103stra p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul vie\u0163ii. Szathmari a cump\u0103rat o cas\u0103 pe strada Biserica Ienei, unde \u015fi-a amenajat un atelier fotografic cu 20 de angaja\u0163i, condus de Theodorovich \u015fi Ihalski, \u015fi unde \u015fi-a expus impresionanta colec\u0163ie de art\u0103. Din p\u0103cate, aceast\u0103 cas\u0103 a fost bombardat\u0103 \u00een august 1944, distrug\u00e2ndu-se toat\u0103 arhiva de cli\u015fee \u015fi de fotografii depozitate \u00een pod.<\/p>\n

\u00cen timpul R\u0103zboiului de Independen\u0163\u0103 din 1877-1878, Szathmari al\u0103turi de pictori precum Sava Hen\u0163ia, G. D. Mirea etc., a fost afiliat \u00een cadrul Serviciului Sanitar al Armatei, condus de doctorul Carol Davila. A reu\u015fit s\u0103 trimit\u0103 ziarelor din \u0163ar\u0103, c\u00e2t \u015fi din str\u0103in\u0103tate L’Illustration, The Illustrated London News, Illustrate Zeitung imagini remarcabile de pe front.<\/p>\n

Carol Szathmari a participat \u015fi la ceremoniile de proclamarea regatului \u00een 1881, dar vremea rea a afectat calitatea fotografiilor, fapt care l-a determinat s\u0103 renun\u0163e definitiv la fotografie \u015fi s-a dedicat picturii p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul vie\u0163ii. A murit \u00een 3 iunie 1887, \u00een Bucure\u015fti, \u00een casa lui din strada Biserica Enei.<\/p>\n

\u201e[\u2026] A fost un adev\u0103rat cet\u0103\u0163ean al lumii, receptiv la nou, dornic de cunoa\u015ftere \u015fi de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire a informa\u0163iilor \u00een cele mai variate cercuri, prin intermediul mijloacelor ce-i erau specifice: desenul, pictura, litografia \u015fi fotografia\u201d, a f\u0103cut Adrian-Silvan Ionescu, pe scurt, portretul artistului Carol Szathmari.<\/p>\n

Omul politic \u015etefan Golescu (1809-1874), fiul c\u0103rturarului Constantin (Dinicu) Golescu s-a fotografiat \u00een atelierul lui Carol Szathamari, la \u201eChanu Verde\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Carol Szathamari, \u015etefan Golescu-portret,\u00a0a doua jum\u0103tate a sec. al XIX-lea,\u00a0format carte-de-visite, Muzeul Gole\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Autor text: Cristina Bo\u021boghin\u0103, \u0219ef-sec\u021bie Istorie Pedagogie<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Carol Szathmari La fotograf se mergea \u00een momentele importante ale vie\u0163ii: nunt\u0103, na\u015fterea unui copil, botezul acestuia, absolvirea \u015fcolii, avansarea \u00een grad sau decorarea militarilor – dar \u015fi \u00een urma […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4640,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4639","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"\nIncursiune \u00een istoria fotografiei - partea a II-a<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Incursiune \u00een istoria fotografiei - partea a II-a\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/muzeulgolesti.ro\/ro\/blog\/incursiune-in-istoria-fotografiei-partea-a-ii-a\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_UK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Incursiune \u00een istoria fotografiei - 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